Brief Description:  The medieval spear was a defining battlefield polearm, measuring 6 to 12 feet long. It consisted of three primary components: a leaf-shaped or triangular steel head, a flexible hardwood shaft, and a metal butt-spike. It excelled in both offensive thrusts and defensive reach.

A medieval spear featured several highly specialized and functional components:

The Head (Ferro/Pica): Crafted from forged iron or tempered steel, the head was the deadliest part of the weapon. Most designs were leaf-shaped for versatility in slashing and thrusting, though some were specialized for piercing armor.

The Socket and Lugs: The base of the spearhead was hollow, wrapping around the top of the shaft and secured with metal rivets. Many combat spears featured side lugs (or wings) just below the head, which acted as a rudimentary crossguard to trap or parry an opponent's sword.

The Haft (Shaft): Usually made of straight-grained hardwood like ash, the haft was kept thick enough to withstand heavy impacts without snapping, while remaining light enough for rapid, one- or two-handed thrusting.

The Heel / Butt-Spike: The base of the spear often featured a sharpened iron cap or spike. This provided structural reinforcement to the pole, allowed the wielder to anchor the weapon securely in the dirt to brace against a cavalry charge, and doubled as a secondary striking point during close-quarters grappling.